аЯрЁБс>ўџ IKўџџџHџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС` №ПF.bjbjЫsЫs .@ЉЉь%YџџџџџџЄFFFFFFFZBBB8z–$Z.іЦЦЦЦЦЦЦЦ­ЏЏЏЏЏЏ$$hŒ гFaЦЦaaгFFЦЦш%%%a FЦFЦ­%a­%%FF%ЦК  …яМkmЦB %iDў0.%– Р–%–F%DЦL6%H,tэЦЦЦггЭXЦЦЦ.aaaaZZZ$ ~ФZZZ~ZZZFFFFFFџџџџ  Aestheticism: A philosophy whose general doctrine is that the principles of beauty are basic and most important and that other primary principles of life such as what is good or what is moral are dependent on what is beautiful. Aesthetics as a study seeks to discover what is a basic standard for beauty in society, and therefore what is good. All of these principles seek to rise above the question of taste, i.e. what is important at any given time to any given part of society. Antagonist: The person, idea, force, or general set of circumstances opposing the protagonist, an essential element of plot. Canon of literature: A basic rule, principle, or law accepted as the criteria for choosing great works of literature, i.e., universality, complexity, and originality, to enthrone them as deserving of respect and permanence. Character: An extended verbal representation of a human being, including the inner self causing thought, speech, and behavior. Christianity: The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah, sent by God. They believe that Jesus, by dying and rising from the dead, made up for the sin of Adam and thus redeemed the world, allowing all who believe in him to enter heaven. Christians rely on the Bible as the inspired word of God. Comedy of Manners: A form of comedy, usually regular(five or three acts) in which attitudes and customs are examined and satirized in the light of high intellectual and moral standards. The dialogue is witty and sophisticated, and characters are often measured by their linguistic and intellectual powers Conflict: The opposition between two characters, between large groups of people, or between protagonists and larger forces such as natural objects, ideas, modes, of behavior, public opinion, and the like. Conflict may also be internal and psychological, involving choices facing a protagonist. It is the essence of plot. Courtly Love: The tradition introduced by French troubadours during the Middle Ages from which most of our notions of romantic love stem. It was a poetic and lyrical movement focused on love between men and women which included unrequited passion, love "sickness", love at first sight, chasteness, and the undying loyalty of the male for the female. It occurred (supposedly) only between members of the nobility. Determinism: In ethics, philosophy, and literature, the view that human actions are entirely controlled by previous conditions, either religiously, genetically, or environmentally (nature). Determinism for the most part rules out free will. Divine Right of Kings: As part of the feudal system of government in the Middle ages, this was the idea that Kings were chosen by God to govern and that they therefore had a divine right to act as they chose. Enlightenment: A philosophic movement of the 18th century marked by a wide but frequently uncritical use of reason, a lively questioning of authority and traditional doctrines and values, a tendency toward individualism, and an emphasis on the idea of universal human progress. Existentialism: A form of philosophy occurring during and after WWII asserting that human beings must create themselves, their world and art without dependence on transcendent reality and therefore through decision and action make meaningful a meaningless world. Along with this, however, alienation and responsibility can breed anxiety bordering on despair. There is also a religious choice. Feudalism: A system of obligations that bound lords and their subjects in Europe during much of the Middle Ages. In theory, the King owned all or most of the land and gave it to his leading nobles in return for their loyalty and military service. The nobles in turn held land that peasants, including serfs, were allowed to farm in return for the peasants' labor and a portion of their produce. Under feudalism, people were born with a permanent position in society. Gnosticism: The thought and practices of any early Christian or pre-Christian cult declared heretical by the Church for believing in special mystical or esoteric insight, that knowledge is more important than faith, and that matter is evil. Idealism: An approach to philosophy that regards mind, spirit, or ideas as the most fundamental kinds of reality, or at least governing our experience of the ordinary objects in the world. Idealism is opposed to realism, naturalism, and materialism. Irony: Broadly, a means of indirection. Language that states the opposite of what is mean is verbal irony. The place- ment of characters in a state of ignorance (the audience or another character understands the entire situation while the character depicted understands partially or not at all) is dramatic irony;an emphasis on powerlessness is situational irony. Judaism: The religion of the Israelites of the Bible and the Jews of today, based on the teachings of the Torah. Judaism involves the belief in one God, whose Chosen People are the Jews. Abraham is considered founder of Judaism, although Moses, who led the nation out of Egypt and delivered to them the Laws of God, is also very important. Marxism: An activist philosophy which supports the following principles: 1. Man is God (Hegel) 2. God is man alienated from himself; man must be liberated from religion in order to commune with others (Feuerbach) 3. This alienation results in political and social unrest because it manifests itself in the ownership of private property and economic determinism, which leads to class warfare. 4. Man's social being determines his consciousness. 5. Therefore, to change the alienation within his society, man must abolish private property, de-emphasize economic competitiveness, and establish his social identity as communal with his fellow human beings in order to arrive at a just society which does not have gross exploitation and inequity. The people best able to carry out this transformation of society are the working masses. Marxist Criticism: An interpretation of literature approach base on the theories of Karl Marx, stressing that literature is to be judged from an economic and/or class distinction perspective. Its guiding principle is that man finds his identity and consciousness only as a social being, not as a moral or religious being. Middle Ages: The period of European history between ancient and modern times. The Middle Ages began with the fall of Rome in the 5th century and ended with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages is associated with many beliefs and practices which now seem out of date, such as chivalry, feudalism, the Inquisition, the belief that the sun revolves around the earth, as well as many popular superstitions (such as the number 13 and saying "Bless you!" following a sneeze.) The early middle ages are even sometimes called the Dark Ages. However, great progress in nation-building, trade, theology, philosophy, and literature also occurred. Naturalism: A movement in literature and the arts and an approach in philosophy. Literary and artistic naturalism aims at accuracy and objectivity and cultivates realistic and even sordid portrayals of people and their environment. Philosophical naturalism holds that mind, spirits, and ideas are fundamentally materialism. Neoclassical: A revival of the classical style of literature dominant in the 18th century, e.g. in poetry dependence on simile, epithet, epigram, balance, antithesis as demonstrated by Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Dr. Samuel Johnson. Parody: In literature, a satire that mimics and sometimes exaggerates the style of its object, e.g. Alceste in Moliere's The Misanthrope Protagonist: The central character and focus of interest in a narrative or drama Psychoanalysis: A method pioneered by Sigmund Freud which bases its description of human life on a conflict mechanism of the ego, superego, and id between individual human needs and desires and the demands of culture and/or society. His invention of the sub-conscious and psycho-sexual stages of development in childhood forms the central theory of an intensely personal outlook on human behavior. Psychoanalytic Criticism: A form of critical analysis of literature based on Freudian psychoanalysis which seeks to assess the psycho-sexual motivation of main and secondary characters and themes in modern literature, primarily as a reaction to a new type of work, the psychological novel, pioneered in France and the United States in the modern era. Romanticism: A movement literature and the fine arts beginning in the early nineteenth century that stressed personal emotion, free play of the imagination, and freedom from rules of form. Some ro- manticists in world literature are Goethe,Rousseau,and Schiller. Realism: An approach to philosophy that regards external objects as the most fundamentally real things and perceptions or ideas as secondary. Realism is thus opposed to idealism. Materialism and naturalism are forms of realism. Realism is also used to describe a movement in literature that attempts to portray life as it really is. Satire: An attack on human follies or vices, as measured against a normative religious, moral or social standard Satiric Comedy: A form of comedy designed to correct social and individual behavior by ridiculing human vices and follies. Theme: The main message or central idea of a literary work, not limited to what a work is "about", but in most cases a unified idea which presents some opinion of the human condition. Tone: The techniques and modes of presentation in literature which reveal or create attitudes, both intellectually and emotionally.     List of Terms for World Literature II Compiled by Professor John Simpson  х ц № ђ c d l m w y Š Ј D E N P Х Ц в д ) H j ‰ р џ : ; D E L N Г г mnvx­Т|‰БВДРТВTU`cHIJVa -/OQ7FHљёьшљьёьљьёшёшљшљьёшљьёшљшљшљшљьёшёшљшљьёшљшљшљшљнеЩньёшљшљёьљшљХљьёшљНљёшhYДhYДH*hяhYДhYД5OJQJhYДOJQJhYДhYДOJQJhYД hYД5hYДhYД5 hYДhYДJх ц c d D E Х Ц : ; mn.ВДВTUIJ 7њёњњёёёёёёёёњњњњргёёёёёё  Ц „^„gdYД Ц „„^„`„gdYД Ц gdYДgdYДь-E.§§78СТ›œŽŠ‹љњOP“”и й T#U#›$œ$Ž%%&&ііхххііііііііііііііііііііі Ц „„^„`„gdYД Ц gdYДH|}>?€СТЫЭ›œІЈŽ—™Š‹’љњOPWY’“”›ЇМми й ф ц [!]!T#U#_#a#n$Ž$š$›$œ$Ј$Њ$ы$э$Ž%%•%—%&&&&&%&'&n&o&}&&љѕљѕљѕљэтэжбЩѕљбЩѕљбЩѕљбЩѕљбЩѕљѕљЩбљѕљбЩѕљСљбЩѕљѕљѕљЩѕљСљбЩѕљѕЙДљЩѕљбЩѕ hYД>*hYДhYД>*hYДhYДH*hYДhYД5 hYД5hYДhYД5OJQJhYДhYДOJQJhYДOJQJhYД hYДhYДG&n&o&((a)b)k*l*Н+О+1,2,­,Ў,f-g-ы-ь-ю-я-ё-ђ-є-ѕ-ї-ј-.ііііііііііііііііієєєєєєєєєяgdYД Ц gdYД&(((((a)b)m)o)k*l*s*u*Н+О+Ф+Ц+1,2,@,B,­,Ў,Г,Е,f-g-k-m-ы-ь-э-я-№-ђ-ѓ-ѕ-і-ј-. .C.D.E.F.љєьєшљєьшљєьшљєьшљєьшљєьєљєьшљсйейейейешбшбесh‰^ћhQ jhQ U hYДhYцhYДhYДhYД5 hYД5 hYДhYД-.. .C.D.E.F.§ћљћћћ,1hАа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %ААаАа а†œ8@ёџ8 YДNormal_HmH sH tH F@F YД Heading 1$$@&a$ 5OJQJP@P YД Heading 2$„а„0§@&^„а`„0§ 5OJQJDAђџЁD Default Paragraph FontRiѓџГR  Table Normalі4ж l4жaі (kєџС(No ListTC@ђT YДBody Text Indent„а„0§^„а`„0§OJQJPR@P YДBody Text Indent 2 „а^„аOJQJ4@4 YДHeader  ЦрР!4 @"4 YДFooter  ЦрР!F& @џџџџхцcdDEХЦ:;mn.ВДВT U I J  7 8 С Т ›œŽŠ‹љњOP“”ийTU›œŽno  a!b!k"l"Н#О#1$2$­$Ў$f%g%ы%ь%ю%я%ё%ђ%є%ѕ%ї%ј%&& &C&G&˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€0€€0€€0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€hЫ0@h‹0 hЫ0@h‹0 hЫ0€h‹0 hЫ0€h‹0 @0€€@0€€`Ы0  ˜L@@0€€h‹0 хcDВT J 1$­$f%ы%ь%&G&h‹0€j‹00€j‹00€j‹00€j‹00P}Œh‹00€j‹00€j‹00Ј‡Яj‹00€j‹00€0 œŸ@ А 44XXX[H&F.7&.F.E.џџГ.Xl…Д.XŒГЕ.XщЖ.XќщЗ.XА   NNG&RRG&8*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€City€B*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€country-region€9*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€place€   РШѓњ$"&")"3"L"_"ь%ь%ю%ю%я%я%ё%ђ%є%ѕ%ї%ј%D&G&<FMhp.1ќГЛ“ ™  ХШ“˜Ьг+1ђ!ў!&"3"ю#џ#ь%ь%ю%ю%я%я%ё%ђ%є%ѕ%ї%ј%D&G&333333333333333  TU_aŽš›ЈЊŽ•—%'XXno}rr    N N a!b!m!o!k"l"s"u"Н#О#Ф#Ц#1$2$@$B$­$Ў$Г$Е$f%g%k%m%ы%ь%ь%ю%ю%я%я%ё%ђ%є%ѕ%ї%B&G&ь%ь%ю%ю%я%я%ё%ђ%є%ѕ%ї%ј%D&G& х Q ?›gяYДŠ/УѕЬYцšчфъ‰^ћМь%ю%ё%є%ї%&G&qnнннннџ@€  ШхW  F& @џџUnknownџџџџџџџџџџџџG‡z €џTimes New Roman5€Symbol3& ‡z €џArial?5 ‡z €џCourier New"1ˆ№аhIkЁІˆ Ѕ& Ѕ&ЈD DЈD D$№ ДД4dй%й%2ƒ№HX №џ?фџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџYД2џџтAestheticism: A philosophy whose general doctrine is that the principles of beauty are basic and most important and that other primary principles of life such as what is good or what is moral are dependent on what is beautifulcooperscoopersўџр…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0\˜ Œ˜ЈДРа рь   $ 0<DLTффAestheticism: A philosophy whose general doctrine is that the principles of beauty are basic and most important and that other primary principles of life such as what is good or what is moral are dependent on what is beautifulcoopersNormalcoopers3Microsoft Office Word@Ј[щ@zDь[mЦ@žЦ dЦ@`vЕkmЦЈD ўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎ0ь hpœЄЌД МФЬд м Ыф$Central Florida Community CollegeDй%Ј уAestheticism: A philosophy whose general doctrine is that the principles of beauty are basic and most important and that other primary principles of life such as what is good or what is moral are dependent on what is beautiful Title  ўџџџ"#$%&'(ўџџџ*+,-./01234567ўџџџ9:;<=>?ўџџџABCDEFGўџџџ§џџџJўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџ РFБіМkmЦL€Data џџџџџџџџџџџџ!1Tableџџџџ)–WordDocumentџџџџ.@SummaryInformation(џџџџџџџџџџџџ8DocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџ@CompObjџџџџџџџџџџџџqџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџ џџџџ РFMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8є9Вq